Treffer: POLITICS OF FEMALE IDENTITY IN TRADITIONAL JAVA THROUGH THE PRISM OF PRAMOEDYA A. TOER'S GADIS PANTAI.

Identity is political rather than natural. It is always influenced by the politics of race, class, gender, religion, education, disability, and so on. This paper examines the complexity of political forces that shape female identity at the beginning of the 20th century Java and the reaction the women show in response to the circumstances where they find themselves, with reference to Pramoedya Ananta Toer's Gadis Pantai. The novel, which is based on the true story of his own grandmother, portrays the life of a practice wife of priyayi, the hereditary governing class of Java. Using interpretive analysis and close reading of the text, the study argues that feudal and patriarchal circumstances help shape female identity in the 20th century Java. Women are doubly discriminated; they find themselves subject to higher powers, i.e. the powers of the feudal lord and the male. However, throughout the novel, the author displays a brandnew female image different from the socially dominant discourses, an image that has qualities of rebellious fervor to trouble the discriminating social category of identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identitas lebih bersifat politis daripada alami. Ia seringkali dipengaruhi oleh politik ras, kelas, gender, agama, pendidikan, disabilitas, dan sebagainya. Makalah ini membahas tentang kompleksitas jaring-jaring politik yang turut membentuk identitas perempuan Jawa pada awal abad ke-20 dan reaksi kaum perempuan terhadap keadaan diskriminatif yang melingkupi hidup mereka dengan merujuk pada novel Gadis Pantai karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer. Novel yang didasarkan pada kisah nyata dari neneknya tersebut menggambarkan kisah kehidupan seorang istri 'percobaan' dari seorang priyayi, atau kelas bangsawan dalam tradisi Jawa. Dengan menggunakan analisis interpretatif dan pembacaan mendalam atas teks (novel), kajian ini menemukan bahwa budaya feodalisme dan patriarki turut membentuk identitas perempuan Jawa pada awal abad ke-20. Pada saat itu, perempuan Jawa mengalami diskriminasi dua kali lipat sekaligus; mereka harus tunduk pada kekuatan-kekuatan yang lebih tinggi, yaitu kuasa kaum lelaki dan kuasa kaum feodal. Namun demikian, di dalam novel, penulis juga menampilkan citra perempuan yang sama sekali baru dan berbeda dari citra perempuan kebanyakan. Yaitu, perempuan dengan semangat perlawanan untuk menentang kategori sosial yang diskriminatif terhadap identitas (perempuan). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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