Result: An accelerometer-based single-arm dynamic stability test for the assessment of the sensorimotor control of the shoulder.

Title:
An accelerometer-based single-arm dynamic stability test for the assessment of the sensorimotor control of the shoulder.
Authors:
Picerno P; Department of Engineering, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. Electronic address: ppicerno@uniss.it., Iuliano E; Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy. Electronic address: enzo.iuliano@uniecampus.it., Bravi M; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Roma, Italy. Electronic address: m.bravi@policlinicocampus.it., Santacaterina F; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Roma, Italy; Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Roma, Italy. Electronic address: f.santacaterina@policlinicocampus.it., Ramos AG; Department of Physical Education and Sport University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Universidad Catolica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile. Electronic address: amagr@ugr.es., Pešović U; Faculty of Technical Sciences, Čačak, University of Kragujevac, Serbia. Electronic address: uros.pesovic@gradina.ftn.kg.ac.rs., Méndez RM; Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico. Electronic address: rigo@ieee.org., Vieira TM; Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Polytechnic University of Torino, Italy. Electronic address: taian.martins@polito.it.
Source:
Journal of biomechanics [J Biomech] 2026 Jan; Vol. 194, pp. 113064. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 13.
Publication Type:
Journal Article
Language:
English
Journal Info:
Publisher: Elsevier Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0157375 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-2380 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00219290 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Biomech Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):
Original Publication: New York ; Oxford : Elsevier Science
MeSH Terms:
Shoulder*/physiology , Accelerometry*/methods , Postural Balance*/physiology , Arm*/physiology, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Reproducibility of Results
Contributed Indexing:
Keywords: Accelerometry; Field test; Inertial sensors; Kinesiology; Neuromuscular control; Shoulder stability; Sway assessment
Entry Date(s):
Date Created: 20251118 Date Completed: 20251203 Latest Revision: 20251203
Update Code:
20251204
DOI:
10.1016/j.jbiomech.2025.113064
PMID:
41252919
Database:
MEDLINE

Further Information

The study aimed at designing and validating a variation of the Single-Arm Dynamic Stability test as performed in Open Kinetic Chain for assessing the shoulder's sensorimotor control with the subject lying supine while holding a dumbbell still in one hand with the extended arm. The dumbbell's sway, monitored via a triaxial accelerometer, was modelled as an inverted pendulum pivoted at shoulder level. Twenty college students performed bilateral tests for 30 s using loads of 15 %, 25 %, and 35 % of a reference load determined as the mass measured by a scale placed under the hands during a quadruped position. The test was repeated 30 min and 24 h later. Time- and frequency-domain stabilometric parameters were computed using both the entire 30 s test duration and the first 20 s. ICC analysis revealed that the test as performed at 15 % of the reference load exhibited the highest intra- and inter-day reliability for both sides and durations, while reliability decreased at higher loads. Specifically, Jerk and swayArea exhibited good-to-excellent intra-day reliability (ICC = 0.866-0.947) and moderate-to-good inter-day reliability (ICC = 0.707-0.766), with 30 s test duration. All other stabilometric parameters showed moderate or moderate-to-good reliability (ICC > 0.5). The test provides a reliable, accessible, and ecologically valid assessment of shoulder sensorimotor control, with potential applications in clinical settings.
(Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.