Treffer: Computer-aided design as a research instrument for engineering design: supporting multiple methods by observing artifacts, actors, and actions.

Scholars studying engineering design have long identified three essential, interacting elements: the artifact being designed, the actors designing it, and the actions they take to do so. However, concerns about tractability and the effort required to capture data on all three have often led to studies examining only one or two at a time, potentially obscuring important (and explanatory) dynamics. Addressing this gap, Computer-Aided Design (CAD) platforms can observe all three elements simultaneously, unobtrusively, over the entire duration of the design process, and across many different contexts. Whether the research is inductive, abductive, or deductive, these platforms can improve a study's internal, external, construct, and face validity if wielded wisely. As such, we advocate CAD as the central research instrument to study micro-level engineering design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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